The geopolitical struggle between the United States and China over strategic raw materials has expanded to the Balkans. The United States has suspended imports of copper produced by Serbia Zijin Copper, a Chinese-owned company operating mines and smelting facilities in the Serbian city of Bor.
The move follows allegations that labour practices at the company may involve elements associated with forced labour. As a result, copper originating from the company's Serbian operations will no longer be allowed into the US market.
US Authorities Cite Labor Concerns
According to US Customs and Border Protection (CBP), there are indications that workers at the facilities have been subjected to abusive labour conditions.
US authorities allege that wages have been delayed, workers' freedom of movement has been restricted, and employees’ passports have in some cases been confiscated.
Washington argues that companies benefiting from forced labour gain unfair competitive advantages and distort global markets, placing other producers at a disadvantage.
Major Chinese Mining Group with Significant Output
Serbia Zijin Copper is controlled by China's Zijin Mining Group, one of the world's largest producers of metals and minerals.
The company employs around 6,000 people in Serbia and produces approximately 296,000 tonnes of copper annually. Its operations in Bor have become a key part of Serbia’s mining industry and have attracted substantial Chinese investment over the past several years.
Growing Rivalry Over Critical Minerals
The decision highlights how competition between the United States and China is increasingly centred on access to strategic minerals and control over supply chains.
Copper is considered one of the most important metals for electrification, power grids, electronics, batteries and modern industrial technologies. Demand is expected to rise significantly in the coming decades as energy systems and infrastructure continue to expand.
At the same time, China has spent years strengthening its presence in global mining and metal production, with investments stretching across Africa, South America and the Balkans.
Uncertainty Over Future Impact
The US import ban does not affect copper production in Serbia, but it could limit Serbia Zijin Copper’s access to American customers and markets.
It remains unclear how Serbia Zijin Copper and its parent company, Zijin Mining Group, will respond to the allegations. No official statement from the company had been released at the time the decision was announced.
Sources: US Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Yle.
